Operators in Python

 

Python Operators

Hello Learners… In this session, you’ll learn about various type of operators with syntax and suitable examples in Python

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What are operators in python?

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

The value that the operator operates on is called the operand.

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

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Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Operator	Meaning	Example
+	Add two operands or unary plus	x + y+ 2
–	Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus	x – y- 2
*	Multiply two operands	x * y
/	Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float)	x / y
%	Modulus – remainder of the division of left operand by the right	x % y (remainder of x/y)
//	Floor division – division that results into whole number adjusted to the left in the number line	x // y
**	Exponent – left operand raised to the power of right	x**y (x to the power y)

 Python arithmetic operators

Example: Arithmetic operators in Python

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x = 15 y = 4   # Output: x + y = 19 print('x + y =',x+y)   # Output: x - y = 11 print('x - y =',x-y)   # Output: x * y = 60 print('x * y =',x*y)   # Output: x / y = 3.75 print('x / y =',x/y)   # Output: x // y = 3 print('x // y =',x//y)   # Output: x ** y = 50625 print('x ** y =',x**y)

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Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

 

Operator	Example	Equivalent to
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 5	x = x + 5
-=	x -= 5	x = x – 5
*=	x *= 5	x = x * 5
/=	x /= 5	x = x / 5
%=	x %= 5	x = x % 5
//=	x //= 5	x = x // 5
**=	x **= 5	x = x ** 5
&=	x &= 5	x = x & 5
|=	x |= 5	x = x | 5
^=	x ^= 5	x = x ^ 5
>>=	x >>= 5	x = x >> 5
<<=	x <<= 5	x = x << 5

Python Assignment Operator

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Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

 

Operator	Meaning	Example
>	Greater than – True if left operand is greater than the right	x > y
<	Less than – True if left operand is less than the right	x < y
==	Equal to – True if both operands are equal	x == y
!=	Not equal to – True if operands are not equal	x != y
>=	Greater than or equal to – True if left operand is greater than or equal to the right	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to – True if left operand is less than or equal to the right	x <= y

Python Comparison Operators

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Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator	Meaning	Example
and	True if both the operands are true	x and y
or	True if either of the operands is true	x or y
not	True if operand is false (complements the operand)	not x

Python Logical Operators

Example: Logical Operators in Python

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x = True y = False   print('x and y is',x and y)   print('x or y is',x or y)   print('not x is',not x)

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Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Operator	Meaning	Example
is	True if the operands are identical (refer to the same object)	x is True
is not	True if the operands are not identical (do not refer to the same object)	x is not True

Python Identity Operator

Example : Identity operators in Python

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x1 = 5 y1 = 5 x2 = 'Hello' y2 = 'Hello' x3 = [1,2,3] y3 = [1,2,3]   # Output: False print(x1 is not y1)   # Output: True print(x2 is y2)   # Output: False print(x3 is y3)

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Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Operator	Meaning	Example
in	True if value/variable is found in the sequence	5 in x
not in	True if value/variable is not found in the sequence	5 not in x

 Python Membership Operator

Example: Membership operators in Python

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x = 'Hello world' y = {1:'a',2:'b'}   # Output: True print('H' in x)   # Output: True print('hello' not in x)   # Output: True print(1 in y)   # Output: False print('a' in y)

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Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers.

They operate bit by bit, hence the name.

For example, 2 is 10 in binary and 7 is 111.

In the table below: Let x = 10 (0000 1010 in binary) and y = 4 (0000 0100 in binary).

Operator	Meaning	Example
&	Bitwise AND	x & y = 0 (0000 0000)
|	Bitwise OR	x | y = 14 (0000 1110)
~	Bitwise NOT	~x = -11 (1111 0101)
^	Bitwise XOR	x ^ y = 14 (0000 1110)
>>	Bitwise right shift	x >> 2 = 2 (0000 0010)
<<	Bitwise left shift	x << 2 = 40 (0010 1000)

Python Bitwise Operator