literals in python

 

Python Literals

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Hello learners, In this tutorial, we will learn about Python literals with example.

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Literals

Literal is a raw data given in a variable or constant. In Python, there are various types of literals they are as follows:

• Numeric literals
• String literals
• Boolean literals
• Special literals

Numeric Literals

Numeric Literals are immutable (unchangeable). Numeric literals can belong to 3 different numerical types: Integer, Float, and Complex.

How to use Numeric literals in Python?

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a = 0b1010 #Binary Literals b = 100 #Decimal Literal c = 0o310 #Octal Literal d = 0x12c #Hexadecimal Literal   #Float Literal float_1 = 10.5 float_2 = 1.5e2   #Complex Literal x = 3.14j   print(a, b, c, d) print(float_1, float_2) print(x, x.imag, x.real)

Output

10 100 200 300
10.5 150.0
3.14j 3.14 0.0

In the above program,

• We assigned integer literals into different variables. Here, a is binary literal, b is a decimal literal, c is an octal literal and d is a hexadecimal literal.
• When we print the variables, all the literals are converted into decimal values.
• 10.5 and 1.5e2 are floating-point literals. 1.5e2 is expressed with exponential and is equivalent to 1.5 * 102.
• We assigned a complex literal i.e 3.14j in variable x. Then we use imaginary literal (x.imag) and real literal (x.real) to create imaginary and real parts of complex numbers.

String Literals

A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes.

We can use both single, double, or triple quotes for a string.

And, a character literal is a single character surrounded by single or double quotes.

How to use string literals in Python?

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strings = "This is Python" char = "C" multiline_str = """This is a multiline string with more than one line code.""" unicode = u"\u00dcnic\u00f6de" raw_str = r"raw \n string"   print(strings) print(char) print(multiline_str) print(unicode) print(raw_str)

Output

This is Python
C
This is a multiline string with more than one line code.
Ünicöde
raw \n string

In the above program, This is Python is a string literal and C is a character literal.

The value in triple-quotes """ assigned to the multiline_str is a multi-line string literal.

The string u”\u00dcnic\u00f6de” is a Unicode literal which supports characters other than English. In this case, \u00dc represents Ü and \u00f6 represents ö.

r”raw \n string” is a raw string literal.

Boolean Literals

A Boolean literal can have any of the two values: True or False.

How to use boolean literals in Python?

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x = (1 == True) y = (1 == False) a = True + 4 b = False + 10   print("x is", x) print("y is", y) print("a:", a) print("b:", b)

Output

x is True
y is False
a: 5
b: 10

In the above program, we use boolean literal True and False. In Python, True represents the value as 1 and False as 0. The value of x is True because 1 is equal to True. And, the value of y is False because 1 is not equal to False.

Similarly, we can use the True and False in numeric expressions as the value. The value of a is 5 because we add True which has a value of 1 with 4. Similarly, b is 10 because we add the False having value of 0 with 10.

Special Literals

Python contains one special literal i.e. None. We use it to specify that the field has not been created.

How to use special literals in Python?

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drink = "Available" food = None   def menu(x):     if x == drink:         print(drink)     else:         print(food)   menu(drink) menu(food)

Output

Available
None

In the above program, we define a menu function. Inside menu, when we set the argument as drink then, it displays Available. And, when the argument is food, it displays None.

Literal Collections

There are four different literal collections List literals, Tuple literals, Dict literals, and Set literals.

How to use literals collections in Python?

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fruits = ["apple", "mango", "orange"] #list numbers = (1, 2, 3) #tuple alphabets = {'a':'apple', 'b':'ball', 'c':'cat'} #dictionary vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i' , 'o', 'u'} #set   print(fruits) print(numbers) print(alphabets) print(vowels)

Output

['apple', 'mango', 'orange']
(1, 2, 3)
{'a': 'apple', 'b': 'ball', 'c': 'cat'}
{'e', 'a', 'o', 'i', 'u'}

In the above program, we created a list of fruits, a tuple of numbers, a dictionary dict having values with keys designated to each value and a set of vowels.